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Is there a certain mixing board, preamp, eq, responsible for thes trademark sound?
Yes ...the equipment is largely it, along with the instruments of the era (50's and 60's). Consoles were custom built, mostly from studio in-house techs. Based on old radio consoles, the preamps were tube, (theres still a few around today from that era, RCA, UA, Telefunken, etc). As for eq, most consoles didn't have it. When needed, it was patched in, either a passive, two-knob shelving, like 100 hz and 7 or 8 khz, with a couple switches to change those settings to something like 40 hz, and 3 or 5 khz. And some studios had a Pultec, or even racks of 'em. And they used filters, high and low-pass. This, along with the mics of the day, and analog recorders, gave it a sound. There are great musicians today, and there were great one's then, but the records sound different, don't they.