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Is there a certain mixing board, preamp, eq, responsible for thes trademark sound?
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Yes ...the equipment is largely it, along with the instruments of the era (50's and 60's). Consoles were custom built, mostly from studio in-house techs. Based on old radio consoles, the preamps were tube, (theres still a few around today from that era, RCA, UA, Telefunken, etc). As for eq, most consoles didn't have it. When needed, it was patched in, either a passive, two-knob shelving, like 100 hz and 7 or 8 khz, with a couple switches to change those settings to something like 40 hz, and 3 or 5 khz. And some studios had a Pultec, or even racks of 'em. And they used filters, high and low-pass. This, along with the mics of the day, and analog recorders, gave it a sound. There are great musicians today, and there were great one's then, but the records sound different, don't they.