Higgs,
> I notice that most DIY traps I find images of do not appear to be sealed in this manner. <
Most DIY traps use rigid fiberglass as the absorption mechanism. The wood panel traps in my plan are a completely different design and work on a completely different principle.
> is there any reason other than cost, that the backs of the units cannot be sealed with plywood and therefore made modular? <
You can do that, but it will be easier to just use rigid fiberglass. And that works well too.
> If so, should the backs be of the same thickness/material as the fronts? <
No, the rear panel, if you do that, needs to thick and rigid and massive so it doesn't flex at all. Such as 3/4 inch plywood or MDF.
Besides the bass trap plans you referred to, see my Acoustics FAQ
HERE.
--Ethan